Book Type: Printed Book, Electronic Book Fatimah passed away only some months after her father, but the date of her death is disputed. The sons of Fāṭimah and ʿAlī, Ḥasan and Ḥusayn, are thus viewed by the Shiʿah as the rightful inheritors of the tradition of Muhammad, a further ramification of Fāṭimah’s significance among Shiʿi believers. This work, based almost entirely on the primary Arabic texts of Sunni and Shica Islam, offers a fresh examination of the life of Fatima, Muhammad's only surviving child, and reveals for the first time her distinctive and fascinating personality." She came into conflict with the caliph a second time over property that she claimed Muhammad had left her. Fatimah's modesty has also inspired many Muslim women throughout history, the headcovers worn by Muslim women, of which there are several versions, including the hijab, are not merely a religious symbol and statement but also a way for the Muslimahs (Muslim women) to emulate the example of women like Fatimah. Her mother’s name is Khadija. The young girl lost her mother in 619 CE, a year remembered as the 'Year of Sorrow' in the Islamic tradition. Fatima, Daughter of Muhammad by South African Catholic Priest The only child of Muhammad to survive him, Fatima was from early times taken … Ali took no other wife when she was alive but did marry other women after her death following the customs of the time. Fatima Bint Muhammad (raa) Fatimah was the fifth child of Muhammad and Khadijah. ‘How evil a substitute for the wrongdoers!’[ii] ‘Should anyone follow a religion other than Submission to God, it shall never be accepted from him, and he will be among the losers in the Hereafter.’[iii]… ”[iv] W… Though Ali spent his entire tenure (656-661 CE) trying to bring order to an empire plunged into tumult, in what was later termed as the First Fitna (656-661 CE), his commitment to justice and inclination towards chivalry earned him the admiration of later generations. It relates fascinating stories about the Prophet and Khadija as her parents, here growing up in the vicinity of the Kabah, marriage, motherhood and her contribution in spreading the message of Islam. The dust had barely settled over the succession dispute, from which Ali seems to have withdrawn his claim, seeing that the people had accepted Abu Bakr as their leader or, according to Shia sources, due to intimidation or lack of support, another quarrel broke out. When the Muslims established themselves in Medina, with Prophet Muhammad as the leader of the city-state, armed conflict broke out. Muhammad had other sons and daughters, but they either died young or failed to produce a long line of descendants. Muhammad is a biologist, history enthusiast, and a freelance writer, he has been actively contributing to the Encyclopedia's Islamic history section since 2019. We are now World History Encyclopedia to better reflect the breadth of our non-profit organization's mission. The others are Khadijah (wife of Muhammad), Fatima (his daughter) and Asiya (wife of Pharoah). Abū Bakr refused to sanction her claim, and, according to most accounts, Fāṭimah refused to speak to him thereafter. Hussayn set upon for Kufa, Iraq, which was once his capital. Fatima the Great Daughter of Prophet Muhammad. Ali was not part of the committee, some of whom wanted to revert to tribalism and home rule (and would have succeeded if Abu Bakr had not intervened), that decided the community's fate, and that would create problems later on. Taking up after her father, Fatimah became highly spiritual and devoted to Islam. Last modified September 11, 2020. Shia Muslims commemorate the anniversary of the Battle of Karbala (680 CE) in the annual Ashura festival (9th and 10th Muharram of the Islamic calendar). She was born the day her father prevented bloodshed among the tribes of Quraysh. Her mother’s name is Khadija. This beautifully written book explores the life and times of the youngest daughter of the Prophet. dimensions: 200 x 140 x 10 mm. After Muhammad's death, the Muslim community was pushed into chaos and division. Written by Syed Muhammad Khan, published on 11 September 2020 under the following license: Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike. She was probably buried in the Jannat al-Baqi graveyard (also known simply as Baqi), but her gravesite is not known, there is speculation that this was done at her behest, to show her dissatisfaction with the people, but others claim that the information was simply lost to history. Ali was murdered by a renegade group called the Kharijites, and Hassan, who succeeded his father, and who is also included in the Rashidun Caliphate by some Sunni Muslims, was forced to abdicate in favor of Muawiya (r. 661-680 CE; the founder of the Umayyad Dynasty), his father's rival. Those who knew her, likened her to the Prophet of Islam, in both character and personality. Its affairs are apparent. Corrections? The altercation became intense and Umar, who was known for his fiery temper, threw out threats to coerce Ali's allegiance for Abu Bakr. Please note that content linked from this page may have different licensing terms. Prophet Muhammad, now a king, initiated a decade-long political and military struggle against his former tormentors and their supporters. Hussayn's death created an uprising that lasted for over a decade and ended with a victory for the Umayyads when they attacked Mecca in 692 CE, however, his legacy lives on to this day. Fatimah was married to Ali ibn Abi Talib (l. 601-661 CE), a cousin of Prophet Muhammad, in 624 CE, and the marriage lasted until the end of her days. Authority of the Feminine and Fatima's Place in an Early Work by the Bab, The, by Todd Lawson, in Online Journal of Bahá'í Studies, 1 (2007).While Tahirih inspired many in Europe and eventually America, she is very much a daughter of her own culture, history, mythology, and religion. Be on the lookout for your Britannica newsletter to get trusted stories delivered right to your inbox. Web. set the birth of Fatimah on the day that the building of the House was renewed because Fatimah is the mother of the People of the Prophetic House [Ahl al-Bayt]. Bibi Khadija was boycotted by the women of Arabia for her to give birth … To the Shiʿah, she is particularly important because she was married to ʿAlī, whom the Shiʿah considered to be the legitimate heir of the authority of the Prophet Muhammad and the first of their imāms. Khan, Syed Muhammad. Fāṭimah, however, stood at the head of a genealogy that steadily enlarged through the generations and which became venerated as Ahl al-Bayt. Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. The latter two would become instrumental in Shia ideology as, like Ali, they are considered imams, the spiritual descendants of the Prophet in Shiism. World History Encyclopedia. Fatima Bint Muhammad (RA) Fatimah RA was the youngest daughter of Prophet Muhammad SAW and his wife Khadijah RA. She has been awarded many other titles Zahra (Lady of Light) and Sayyidatun Nisa al Alamin (Leader of the women of the World). she born on 20 jamad al akhar. Many sources claim that Umar ibn al-Khattab (l. 584-644 CE), who would later become the second Caliph of Islam, confronted Ali outside his house, while Fatimah remained inside (or according to some sources, came out), demanding that he pledge fealty to Abu Bakr. Fatimah bint Muhammad She was the youngest daughter of the Prophet (peace and blessings be upon him) and his favorite. Some Rights Reserved (2009-2021) under Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike license unless otherwise noted. 15 May 2021. First published: December 2016 Fatimah and Ali had five children; two girls, Zainab bint Ali (l. 626-682 CE) and Umm e Kulthum bint Ali (b. Fatimah bint Muhammad RA was the youngest daughter of the Prophet PBUH She was the most beloved to her father and outlived all her siblings. retail-price: £9.95. She was born with difficulty. A friend and father-in-law of the Prophet, namely Abu Bakr (l. 573-634 CE) assumed the title of Caliph, however, this move was resisted by some who deemed only Ali, Fatimah's husband, as the legitimate heir of Muhammad. My Sheikh teaches that a good Muslim will also be a good Christian and a good Jew because we believe in all the Books (Revelations of God such as the Torah and New Testament) and the Messengers of God. They were quarelling about who should put the Black Stone to it’s place while building the Kabah. When The Prophet married her, both daughters came with her mother to live in the house of the Prophet. He was later poisoned by one his wives in 669/670 CE (some say that Muawiya was involved). If you have bookmarks or links to our site on your blog or website, please update them. The truth remains shrouded in mystery. The Prophet SAW was reported to have said that, “The best women in the entire world are four: the Virgin Mary, Asiya the wife of Pharaoh, Khadijah Mother of the Believers, and Fatimah daughter of Muhammad.” isbn: 978-1-908229-13-7. publication-date: 31 July 2014. format: Paperback. The Story of Hazrat Fatima (sa), daughter of the Holy Prophet The Prophet of Islam had only one daughter named Fatima. Yet after Muhammad’s death she had a sharp clash with Abū Bakr, who had succeeded Muhammad as caliph and leader of the Muslim community (ummah), and Fāṭimah supported ʿAlī in his reluctance to submit to Abū Bakr’s authority. Its prohibitions are highlighted and its commands are clear… Yet, indeed you have cast it behind your backs! Ancient History Encyclopedia Limited is a non-profit company registered in the United Kingdom. Fatimah' is the last book in the series about the daughters of the Prophet Muhammad. Shia Muslims consider only Fatimah to be the biological daughter of the Prophet, while Sunni Muslims maintain that all four daughters were Muhammad's. World History Encyclopedia. For only $5 per month you can become a member and support our mission to engage people with cultural heritage and to improve history education worldwide. By signing up for this email, you are agreeing to news, offers, and information from Encyclopaedia Britannica. It is said that the name Fatimah (lit: safe from fire) was revealed by Allah. During her life she was impoverished and weak, neglected, marginalized, and divested of justice:The only child of Muhammad to survive him, Fatima was from early times taken up by Sh�'a Islam, for whose adherents she is the virgin mother, the heavenly intercessor with untold power before God's throne, and the grieving mother of al-Husayn, the Shi'a's most important martyr. On August 28, 632, Fatimah bint Muhammad, the youngest and possibly the only daughter of the Islamic Prophet Muhammad, beloved by Muhammad and by Muslims throughout the world, died under disputed circumstances. Hadhrat Fatimah (Radhiyallaho anha) the fourth and the youngest daughter of the Prophet Muhammad (Sallallaho Alaihe Wasallam), and the "head of the ladies in Paradise" was born in the 1st year of Nubuwwat, when he was 41. from the chronology of Canada from the main catalogue. Her mother Khadija had two other daughters from her two earlier marriages. En route to his destination, Hussayn's feeble force, comprising mostly of his family members, numbering no more than 72 fighters, was intercepted by the Umayyad army and massacred at Karbala (680 CE). Fatimah's household remains a focal point in the Islamic tradition, for both Sunnis and Shias; the latter even display an insignia representing Fatimah's hand, especially during the Ashura but also in routine. Cite This Work His biggest supporter was his wife Khadija, a woman 15 years his senior but, according to Islamic sources, one with the deepest respect for her husband, which the latter reciprocated in kind. Khan, Syed Muhammad. From that point on, Prophet Muhammad played an important role in her upbringing and instilled in her the qualities that he admired in his wife, such as modesty, humility, spirituality, and generosity. She was one of the four daughters of the Holy Prophet (peace be upon him and his pure family); the other three were Zainab, Ruqayyah and Umm Kulthum (peace be upon them all). Hazrat Fatimah is the beloved daughter of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH). He became the fourth Caliph of Islam in 656 CE when Uthman ibn Affan was murdered by rebel soldiers. The Blessed Virgin Mary appeared to the three shepherd children near the city of Fátima, Portugal, a place named after both a Muslim princess and … From overcoming oppression, to breaking rules, to reimagining the world or waging a rebellion, these women of history have a story to tell. Our latest articles delivered to your inbox, once a week: Numerous educational institutions recommend us, including Oxford University and University of Missouri. The hegira (migration) in 622 CE, as it was later called, became a pivotal point in the history of Islam as the Prophet acquired control of the city of Medina as a result. So here is the House of Allah ﷻ in the Sacred Precinct being built, and here is Fatimah, daughter of Muhammad , from whom will come the Books Learn More. The only child of Muhammad to survive him, Fatima was from early times taken up by Shî'a Islam, for whose adherents she is the virgin mother, the heavenly intercessor with untold power before God's throne, and the grieving mother of al-Husayn, the Shi'a's most important martyr. To the Muslims, her love for her father perfectly embodies a saying often accredited to the Prophet: “daughters are a blessing from God” (Some pre-Islamic Arabs considered the birth of a daughter as bad luck). There are many versions of the story (each different from the other); some claim that Fatimah was pregnant at the time and the confrontation resulted in her miscarriage, while sources before the 10th century CE state that said child, Mohsin, had died in infancy and that Fatimah was not involved in any physical confrontation. After the wedding, the couple moved to a house close to that of the Prophet. Though the women did not take part in any of the battles that ensued, they did serve auxiliary roles such as medics, and Fatimah was often found on the battlefield, tending to the wounds of the injured. Its rulings are manifest. Fatima (may Allah be pleased with her) helped her father … World History Encyclopedia. Accordingly, many Islamic traditions give a majestic if not miraculous quality to Fāṭimah’s life. The heated debate that followed failed to change anything; Fadak was confiscated by the state. Fatima was born five years before Prophet Muhammad’s prophethood. https://www.worldhistory.org/Fatimah_bint_Muhammad/. When in 632 Muhammad was facing his last illness, Fāṭimah was there to nurse him. This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/biography/Fatimah, Encyclopædia Iranica - Biography of Fatema, Iran Chamber Society - Biography of Fatimah, Inside Islam: Dialogues and Debates - Biography of Fatima Al-Zahra. She died months later from either illness or injury. Fāṭimah, also spelled Fatima, also called al-Zahrāʾ (Arabic: “the Radiant One”), (born c. 605, Mecca, Arabia [now in Saudi Arabia]—died 632/633, Medina), daughter of Muhammad (the founder of Islam) who in later centuries became the object of deep veneration by many Muslims, especially the Shiʿah. Fatimah's memory lives on not only through the feats of her family, known as the Ahl al-Bayt (the household of the Prophet) but also owing to the moral and religious values that she held important. Fatima bint Muhammed (Az-Zahrah) Fatima was the youngest daughter of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him). Ali reconciled with Abu Bakr and even adopted one of his sons, namely, Muhammad ibn Abu Bakr (l. 631-658 CE) after his death, who remained a devout follower of Ali until his death (he was murdered by a general operating under Muawiya, the rival of Ali). 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